How To Remove and Replace Buckthorn: A Comprehensive Guide
Buckthorn, with its prolific growth and invasive nature, can quickly overwhelm your garden and choke out native plants. This guide provides a comprehensive approach to removing buckthorn and replacing it with beneficial, native species. We'll cover everything from identification to responsible disposal, ensuring you reclaim your landscape effectively.
Identifying Buckthorn: Knowing Your Enemy
Before you begin, accurate identification is crucial. There are two main types of invasive buckthorn prevalent in North America:
- Glossy Buckthorn ( Rhamnus frangula ): Look for opposite branching (branches grow directly across from each other), oval-shaped leaves that are glossy and dark green, and small, dark berries that mature to a purplish-black. The bark is smooth and often has small, noticeable lenticels (pores).
- Common Buckthorn ( Rhamnus cathartica ): This variety exhibits alternate branching (branches grow at angles), finely serrated leaves, and berries that are initially red, turning dark purple or black when ripe. The bark is gray-brown and develops noticeable fissures with age.
Important Note: Misidentifying plants can lead to accidental removal of beneficial species. Double-check your identification using reliable field guides or online resources before starting the removal process.
Effective Buckthorn Removal Techniques
Removing buckthorn effectively requires a multi-pronged approach, depending on the size and density of the infestation:
1. Small Plants (Seedlings and Saplings):
- Manual Pulling: For young plants, carefully dig around the base of the plant and pull it out, ensuring you remove the entire root system.
- Cutting: For slightly larger seedlings, use sharp hand pruners or loppers to cut the plant at ground level.
2. Larger Plants and Mature Shrubs:
- Cutting and Treating: Cut the buckthorn as close to the ground as possible. Immediately apply a herbicide to the cut stump to prevent regrowth. Herbicide selection depends on local regulations and the severity of the infestation. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Consider using a less toxic, environmentally-friendly option if possible.
- Whole-plant Herbicide Application: For larger, more established plants, you may need to apply a foliar herbicide (to the leaves) or basal bark application. Again, follow all safety precautions and choose the most ecologically responsible method.
3. Dealing with Root Systems:
Buckthorn has a surprisingly resilient root system. Removing all root fragments is crucial to prevent resprouting. Consider using a digging tool to remove as much of the root system as feasible.
Responsible Buckthorn Disposal
Never compost buckthorn! The berries can easily spread the plant, leading to further infestation. Proper disposal methods include:
- Burning: If permitted in your area, burning is an effective method, ensuring complete destruction. Check local regulations before burning any plant material.
- Bagging and Discarding: Bag the buckthorn and dispose of it in the trash.
Replacing Buckthorn: Choosing Native Alternatives
Once the buckthorn is removed, it's time to replant with beneficial native species. Choosing plants suited to your local climate and soil conditions will help create a thriving, resilient ecosystem. Consider these options:
- Serviceberry: Provides beautiful spring blooms and edible berries.
- Viburnum: Offers attractive flowers, berries, and fall color.
- Dogwood: A classic choice known for its stunning spring blossoms.
- Oak: A long-lived tree that provides habitat for wildlife.
Consult your local native plant society or nursery for species best suited to your region.
Preventative Measures: Ongoing Management
Even after diligent removal, ongoing monitoring is crucial. Regularly inspect your property for new buckthorn seedlings and address them promptly. This preventative approach will help ensure the long-term success of your efforts.
By following this guide, you can effectively remove invasive buckthorn and create a healthy, thriving landscape. Remember, patience and persistence are key to achieving lasting results.
